{"id":7229,"date":"2017-03-16T14:19:45","date_gmt":"2017-03-16T14:19:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.lib.uconn.edu\/archives\/?p=7229"},"modified":"2017-04-10T17:52:37","modified_gmt":"2017-04-10T17:52:37","slug":"losing-the-remembrance-of-former-things-reexamining-the-life-and-writing-of-edwin-way-teale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.lib.uconn.edu\/archives\/2017\/03\/16\/losing-the-remembrance-of-former-things-reexamining-the-life-and-writing-of-edwin-way-teale\/","title":{"rendered":"Losing the Remembrance of Former Things: Reexamining the Life and Writing of Edwin Way Teale"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Richard Telford<\/p>\n

Author\u2019s Note<\/em>: Though the product of many hours of research, writing, and revision, this chapter is nevertheless a draft; it will be subject to revision as the larger book in which it will appear takes shape. The chapter published below, \u201cLosing the Remembrance of Former Things,\u201d follows two preceding chapters, published in January and February on this site: \u201cThe Lonely Suffering of the Fallible Heart,\u201d which can be viewed <\/em>here<\/em><\/a>, and \u201cThrowing Bricks at the Temple,\u201d which can be viewed <\/em>here<\/a>. For greatest clarity, these chapters should be read in order. This present chapter is being published on the 72nd<\/sup> anniversary of the combat death of David Allen Teale near the end of World War II. David figures prominently in this and the preceding chapters. The timing of this publication is an apt reminder of the oft-forgotten sacrifices of previous wars. I welcome critical response, either in the comment section below or through <\/em>direct e-mail<\/em><\/a>. I am grateful to the Archives and Special Collections staff for providing me the opportunity to share this work, and to the Woodstock Academy Board of Trustees for awarding me a sabbatical for the 2016-2017 school year so that this work could be undertaken. \u00a0Contextual information about the project and\u00a0manuscript can be found <\/em>here<\/a>.<\/em>
\nChapter 11: Losing the Remembrance of Former Things<\/strong><\/p>\n

Is there a thing of which is said,
\n\u201cSee, this is new\u201d?
\nIt has been already,
\nIn the ages before us.
\nThere is no remembrance of former things,
\nNor will there be any remembrance
\nOf later things yet to happen
\nAmong those who come after.[i]<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ecclesiastes 1: 9-13<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Of course, there are at present, and no doubt will continue to be for many generations yet, a number of fire-eating war-mongers and dashing blades who will always bounce about the delights of battle and the salubrious qualities of slaughter. But these, when genuine, are atavisms, and must gradually become as extinct as dodoes, as the world advances in sense and experience\u2026[T]he New Army\u2026has seen and felt a very great deal too much of the reality of war to be under any illusion as to its loveliness or enjoyability. Unredeemed horror is the whole thing, a horror that breaks up the soul of man into a gibbering wreckage.[ii]<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Reginald Farrer, The Void of War: Letters from Three Fronts<\/em>, 1918<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

To be killed in war is an event beyond our yes and no. It is a great sorrow but not a tragedy. The collapse of character alone is tragedy; not the events that test it from without. A single day of life with courage and character towers above the years of a centenarian if lived as a plaything of fate.[iii]<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Edwin Way Teale, January 3, 1945<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On the back side of the Norman Rockwell April Fool cover of The Saturday Evening Post <\/em>that Edwin sent to David on Easter Sunday of 1945 is a full-page advertisement for the Parker \u201c51\u201d Aeromatic fountain pen. A strong, sure hand, its palm towards the viewer, holds the pen delicately between extended thumb and middle finger. The index finger steadies it from behind, the nib pointed upward. The hand is positioned just as the ad\u2019s viewer might position his or her own, not just to inspect \u201cthis \u2018most wanted\u2019 pen in the world\u201d but to appreciate the faux sapphire appointments on its engraved golden cap, to examine the understated black barrel with concealed nib, to feel the heft in hand. In the text below, The Parker Pen Company of Janesville, Wisconsin reminds the viewer that its production of \u201crocket fuzes and other war materi\u00e8l\u201d has stopped pen production. However, with the war\u2019s end near, the ad continues, \u201cMore Parker \u201851s\u2019 are on the way.\u201d The ad\u2019s large script headline, bisected by the pen and hand, assures the reader, \u201cSooner than you think\u2026a Parker \u201851\u2019 may be yours.\u201d[iv]<\/a><\/p>\n

In two letters sent in the fall of 1944, one from England to his mother on November 1[v]<\/a> and the other from France to his father on November 16,[vi]<\/a> David Teale asked his parents to buy him a Parker \u201c51\u201d fountain pen. \u201cIf [the] cost is too great for your purse,\u201d he wrote Edwin, \u201ctake the required amount from my nest egg.\u201d[vii]<\/a> On June 18, 1945, however, the Teales realized it was a purchase they would never make, at least not on David\u2019s behalf. On that day, when Edwin Stroh\u2019s father had called to report that the War Department had declared his son killed in action, the Teales lost all hope that David would return to them. Nearly two months later, on August 8, Edwin would write, \u201cIt was that afternoon in June that the bottom collapsed and let us drop into darkness. It could<\/u> have happened. We saw finally it must have happened to David.\u201d[viii]<\/a>\u00a0 That day of cascading hopes brought \u201ca violent thunderstorm in late afternoon,\u201d and Edwin continued \u201cworking in a daze on another chapter.\u201d[ix]<\/a> The writing was torturous, but it was necessary torture, an act of survival, just as it had been in the preceding months. It was more so now. \u201cWill I ever be able to finish it or go on?\u201d he questioned. \u201cEvery line seems the last I can possibly write.\u201d[x]<\/a> Nonetheless, he persevered, and in the coming days he would work to exhaustion to keep The Lost Woods<\/em> on schedule, not in spite of David\u2019s fate but in answer to it. \u201cIt is worth-while work, work I would want to do up to my final hour,\u201d Edwin continued on June 18. \u201cI hope I can meet this worst blow life can give with my head up without cringing or giving in. I think I can; but it is the weeks and months and years beyond I dread. How wonderful our whole family is and has always been, so close together.\u201d[xi]<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

A partial view of a Nazi flag recovered by David Teale in Stadtkyll, Germany in early March of 1945. Seventeen members of a Tiger Patrol of the 346th regiment, 87th Division of the U.S. Army signed the flag. Five of the men whose signatures are visible here died on March 16, 1945, while crossing the Moselle River in Germany on a night reconnaissance patrol: Antonio J. Alvear, Bill Cummins, Eugene B. Pings, Edwin A. Stroh, and David A. Teale. Harold F. Gould Jr., whose signature also appears in this part of the flag, survived the mission. He wrote to Edwin Teale upon his return to the United States, sharing what he knew of the events of that night.<\/p><\/div>\n

Two days later, on June 20, another of the packages they had sent David was returned, and their response to it, which Edwin recorded in the Guild diary, illustrates his and Nellie\u2019s complete loss of hope: \u201cA package comes back\u2014This one marked \u2018missing\u2019 by Lt. Hawkins. But that means nothing. Our despair is complete.\u201d[xii]<\/a> Now, they simply waited for the inevitable. On that same day, the Teales received a letter from Walter F. Gould, the grandfather of Harold F. Gould Jr., explaining that his grandson was coming home on furlough from Europe before shipping out for the Pacific, and it might be possible for the Teales to see him or at least speak by telephone. Walter Gould could fully understand the Teales\u2019 suffering. He informed Edwin both by telephone and letter that he had \u201chad one son (31 years old, single) killed in that heavy drive in Belgium\u201d the day after Christmas of 1944, roughly a week after David had witnessed and survived the pummeling of his regiment by German 88s.\u00a0 \u201cI don\u2019t think we will ever get over it,\u201d the elder Gould told Edwin.[xiii]<\/a>\u00a0 Just as the Teales were doing now, Walter Gould had reached out to a fellow soldier in his deceased son\u2019s unit to understand more fully the circumstances of his death. In reply, he had gotten \u201ca very nice answer telling one a good deal more about his death than the Army had told me.\u201d[xiv]<\/a> Though David\u2019s fate now seemed certain, Edwin and Nellie, too, wanted to understand the events that had led to David\u2019s death, events on which the younger Gould could, and later would, shed light.<\/p>\n

A week after receiving Walter Gould\u2019s letter, there was still no word from his grandson. The implications of Edwin Stroh\u2019s confirmed death weighed heavily upon the Teales. Edwin noted, \u201cNellie and I plan to spend 2 weeks at Concord for our vacation in September.\u201d[xv]<\/a> There is no inclusion of the possibility that David might join them if he returned, for they now knew that he would not. One year earlier, on July 18, 1944, Edwin had written to David during a vacation with Nellie at Crocker Lake in Maine while David was at Fort Jackson: \u201cWe will have a good time for you at the camp. I hope another year, you can be along\u2026if you aren\u2019t walking down the coast!\u201d[xvi]<\/a> He referenced this walk down the coast a second time in a letter sent eleven days later: \u201cWhen you take your long walk all by yourself, after the war, you ought to read John Muir\u2019s \u2018A Thousand Mile Walk to the Gulf.\u2019 It is very good and would be right up your alley.\u201d[xvii]<\/a> But for David, there would not be \u201canother year,\u201d and Muir\u2019s book would go unread. One year later, as the Teales planned their September Concord trip, they knew that David would not join them, and the timing of their departure from Baldwin was deliberate. On September 8, 1945, David would have turned twenty. Where better to find solace and shelter from their grief on that day than in Thoreau\u2019s country. The following night, Edwin began reading Van Wyck Brooks\u2019 The Flowering of New England<\/em>, which had won the Pulitzer the year Edwin published Grassroot Jungles<\/em> \u2014\u201cat least the chapter on Thoreau at Walden,\u201d[xviii]<\/a> Edwin qualified.<\/p>\n

On June 28, Edwin once again found his footing, if tenuously, in his work on The Lost Woods<\/em>. \u201cOn this evening,\u201d he wrote, \u201cI print \u2018The Lost Woods\u2019 on the top of the final manuscript box and stamp\u2026my home address at top and bottom. This regular rite\u2014engaged in since \u2018Grassroot Jungles\u2019 days\u2014makes me feel a little nearer the completion of my long labors.\u201d[xix]<\/a> Such small, symbolic acts mattered. Each was an act of control, even as his life with David and their life as a family, \u201calways\u2026so close together,\u201d[xx]<\/a> had been rended by a complex, fickle chain of events over which he could have no influence. \u201cIn spite of everything,\u201d he would later write, \u201cthere is nothing in the world I would rather be doing than working on my<\/u> book. That, with all its complexities and pains, is the thing I want most to do.\u201d[xxi]<\/a><\/p>\n

In the days that followed, Edwin worked steadily in The Lost Woods<\/em>, besieged by reminders of David\u2019s absence. \u201cSo much to do!\u201d he declared.[xxii]<\/a> On Sunday, June 24, he taught the last Victors Sunday School class of the year, having a \u201cfine talk\u201d with two brothers, Warren and Edgar Fong. \u201cSo ends the Victors year,\u201d he wrote that evening, \u201cthe last year when Davy was linked to it. Twelve years I\u2019ve had the class. Can I keep on if David is gone?\u201d[xxiii]<\/a> On the following day, Mrs. Selby, a neighbor, brought Lieutenant Henry Loud to see the Teales, ostensibly to give them some insight on what might have happened to David, but, Edwin noted, he had \u201clittle to tell us of help on David. Depressed.\u201d[xxiv]<\/a> Two days later, on June 27, Forrest Dayton paid a visit to the Teales. Forrest, in Edwin\u2019s estimation \u201cDavid\u2019s closest friend,\u201d had likewise been deployed to Europe. Now, Forrest had returned, and David had not. It was a hard visit. \u201cHeadache lays me low in afternoon,\u201d Edwin noted. In a postscript in the Guild diary, he added, \u201cTwenty-eighth Chapter Done! Only Two to Go!\u201d[xxv]<\/a> One of these chapters was \u201cThe Calm of the Stars,\u201d which could now serve only to memorialize David.<\/p>\n

By July 1, the revised deadline for completion of the full draft of The Lost Woods<\/em>, Edwin had only \u201cThe Calm of the Stars\u201d left to complete. He spent the morning working on it but got \u201conly two pages done,\u201d[xxvi]<\/a> using the rest of the day to review the completed chapters and rearrange their final order. It was not the day he had hoped for. The following morning, he began working at 7:30 a.m. and continued \u201cuntil 8:52 p.m., with only time out for meals and a \u00bd hour sunbath.\u201d With this last dash, as he often put it, he \u201ccompleted the final difficult chapter on \u2018The Calm of the Stars.\u2019\u201d He added: \u201cBook completed, ready for revision, one day beyond my schedule\u2014Thankful.\u201d[xxvii]<\/a> His celebration was understandably muted. Absent in his Guild diary entry are the flourishes with which he typically marked the completion of a book, even in its rough draft form. There are no headlines written in oversized characters; no ornate stacks of underlining elevate particular words; no geometric shapes adorn the margins; his daily progress note at the bottom of the page is formatted no differently than those of the preceding weeks. Instead, he noted in the sentences that followed: \u201cSaddened by paragraphs in this chapter on Davy at Weller Pond. How impossible to believe he may never go on that trip again\u2014never<\/u>.\u201d[xxviii]<\/a><\/p>\n

The following day, Edwin took the 10:19 train into the city to visit Popular Science Monthly<\/em> for a \u201creunion with the old crowd. Lunch with Richards, Samuels and de Santas. How thankful I have escaped the cells of 353 Fourth Ave!\u201d[xxix]<\/a> The juxtaposition of this reunion with the completion of the full draft of The Lost Woods<\/em> is telling. While the \u201creunion\u201d was certainly planned in advance, so too was the completion of the book draft, and Edwin had missed his target by only one day. Through this visit, he placed the celebration of one of the many fruits of the recent \u201cglorious years in the sunshine\u201d[xxx]<\/a> alongside memories of the excruciating drudgery of Popular Science Monthly<\/em>\u2014now a painful phantom. The latter he had compared to \u201cslavery\u201d at a \u201cConcentration Camp\u201d two months earlier.[xxxi]<\/a> This comparison, which now seems self-absorbed and indifferent to the horrific suffering endured in the camps of the Third Reich, must be considered in the context of the time, during which the ordinary American citizen was ill-informed on the events of Hitler\u2019s war on the Jews, Roma, and other minority groups in Europe. Long-time New York Times <\/em>journalist Max Frankel noted in 2001, on the 150th<\/sup> anniversary of the paper, that the events of what would only afterward be named the Holocaust \u201cwere mostly buried inside [the paper\u2019s] gray and stolid pages, never featured, analyzed or rendered truly comprehensible.\u201d There was, he concluded, no greater journalistic failure \u201cthan the staggering, staining failure of The New York Times<\/em> to depict Hitler\u2019s methodical extermination of the Jews of Europe as a horror beyond all other horrors in World War II,\u201d and the Times<\/em>\u2019 coverage influenced that of many other journalistic organizations in New York and beyond.[xxxii]<\/a> On this early day in July, Edwin\u2019s view of the war was trained inward, as it had been two months earlier. The loss of David overshadowed all else, and this reunion with former Popular Science Monthly <\/em>colleagues offered a spot of sunshine amidst darkening clouds. He could revisit the former site of his emotional and intellectual imprisonment, for an instant, and likewise leave it in an instant, returning to the long-desired life of freedom that he had earned through his toil and his willingness to gamble on a better future. For Edwin, such a juxtaposition of life before and life afterward filled him with gratitude and joy. While these feelings were greatly tempered by the loss of David, they likewise helped him to endure it.<\/p>\n

Edwin\u2019s trip to Popular Science Monthly <\/em>reflects as well another interesting juxtaposition. In 1941, October 15 had for the Teales, with Edwin\u2019s departure from Popular Science Monthly<\/em>, become their personal Independence Day, a holiday they would celebrate yearly for the remainder of their life together. On July 3, 1945, Edwin\u2019s visit with his former colleagues, one day after the completion of The Lost Woods<\/em>, was followed a day later by the American holiday of Independence Day, July 4. The Fourth of July had special significance only two months after VE-Day. For most Americans, it was a day to celebrate a long-sought victory, but for the Teales the day was bittersweet at best. Not surprisingly, they spent the entire day in the shelter of the Insect Garden: \u201cToday was as perfect a Fourth as the cloud that hangs over our spirits would permit. All day long in the open at the garden, sitting at a wooden table I found under the wagon shed and catching up on entering my Nature Notes, taking pictures, juggling around the order of the chapters and so forth.\u201d It was, Edwin added, \u201cA \u2018Thoreau Day\u2019\u2014unhurried and out-of-doors.\u201d[xxxiii]<\/a> Nellie, who was and always would be Edwin\u2019s working partner in his writing life, read and offered comment on ten of the new chapters in The Lost Woods<\/em>. Such an unhurried day was a rarity. \u201cTomorrow,\u201d Edwin wrote, \u201cI begin the grind\u2014revision and copying\u2014that must<\/u> get the book in before the end of this month!\u201d[xxxiv]<\/a> Were David returning, this Fourth of July might have been near-perfect. Edwin knew, however, that he would not, and this fact was driven home the following day when several more of their letters to David were returned. These too were marked \u201cDeceased\u201d but lacked the previous change to \u201cMissing.\u201d On each letter, to the hand-written word \u201cDeceased\u201d was added a jarring one-word postal stamp: \u201cVerified.\u201d[xxxv]<\/a><\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/p>\n

Burying himself still deeper in his labors on the book, Edwin set for himself a schedule that would bring The Lost Woods<\/em> to its final form by July 26. It required the revision and retyping of thirty chapters in twenty-one days. With the mass of assisstive computer technology available to us in the twenty-first century, along with the unprecedented access to information provided by the Internet, we are largely ignorant of the sheer physical labors that an author undertook in 1945 to bring a book to publication.\u00a0 We can do a great deal more, now, with less labor, but one wonders if the ease of publication has largely contributed to us doing considerably less with the more we have been given. For Edwin to remain on schedule, he would have to type an average of two revised chapters per day. On July 5, despite the emotional drain of the return of their letters to David, Edwin finished two chapters.[xxxvi]<\/a> On the following day, he completed \u201cThe Striking Serpent\u201d and \u201cOn the Trail of Thoreau,\u201d bringing the total to four and keeping him on schedule.\u00a0 It was a good start, and Edwin, realizing that speed and efficiency were critical if he was to maintain this pace, devised \u201cwith paper clips and an empty velour Black box [\u2026] a ms. holder that holds the sheet I am copying upright and aids me greatly.\u201d[xxxvii]<\/a><\/p>\n

The following day, July 7, Edwin managed to type three additional chapters. \u201cLaboremus!\u201d he declared at the opening of his Guild diary entry for that day, a Latin word meaning \u201cLet us do our work!\u201d Later in the century, the phrase \u201cLaboremus! Let\u2019s get to work!\u201d was widely attributed to twentieth-century historian Arnold J. Toynbee as a favored motto.[xxxviii]<\/a> For Edwin, however, at the end of the first week of July in 1945, it was less a life philosophy and more a pragmatic necessity. His completion of three chapters on the previous day allowed him, on July 8, to embark on a 7 a.m. \u201cfishing trip on the bay with the Verity\u2019s,\u201d Baldwin neighbors. It was, Edwin noted, a much-needed \u201cgood time and good rest.\u201d Returning home by 2:00 in the afternoon, Edwin slept for several hours, rising at 4:30, \u201chalf asleep,\u201d and began typing \u201cThe Mystery of the Vanishing Flies,\u201d finishing it by 8:00 that evening.[xxxix]<\/a> This kept up the needed rate of two retyped chapters completed per day, a pace he managed to maintain on July 9 and 10 as well.<\/p>\n

\u201cNo word of David\u2014expected July 2 letter from Government,\u201d Edwin noted on July 9.[xl]<\/a>\u00a0 In the April 3 confirmation letter that followed the telegram notifying the Teales of David\u2019s MIA status, Major General James Alexander Ulio of the War Department had written, \u201cIf no information is received in the meantime, I will communicate with you again three months from the date of this letter.\u201d[xli]<\/a> Those three months had elapsed, with one week added. Though certain of its contents, Edwin likely feared that the arrival of this letter\u2014certain to mirror the official communications received by the Strohs and the Alvears\u2014might cripple his ability to keep to the demanding schedule of the days ahead. It would be a staggering, final blow. Edwin\u2019s feverish work during this time to bring The Lost Woods<\/em> to completion was in part a race against the arrival of that blow, especially now that the book was nearly done. Just as he had worked diligently throughout the day before V-E Day\u2014\u201c\u2026in case there is bad news I will have that much done and that will help\u201d\u2014he did so again on July 9.<\/p>\n

On July 10, CBS Radio called to invite Edwin to be a guest \u201con the \u2018Invitation to Learning\u2019 program\u2026on Maeterlinck\u2019s \u2018Life of the Bee.\u2019\u201d The Nobel Prize-winning Maeterlinck had written to Edwin after the latter\u2019s 1940 publication of The Golden Throng: A Book About Bees<\/em>, declaring, \u201cThis will be the Bible of the Bees!\u201d The praise, Edwin noted, \u201clifted my feet off the ground for a moment\u2026.\u201d[xlii]<\/a> With authentic regret, Edwin declined the CBS Radio invitation, knowing he would \u201cneed every minute for my own book!\u201d[xliii]<\/a> Having completed two more chapters, he retired to bed at 6:00 that evening with a sore throat and fever\u2014the strain of his working pace taking its toll\u2014and spent some time \u201cgoing over chapters in bed.\u201d[xliv]<\/a> Twelve chapters were retyped in their final form, with eighteen remaining. As of July 12, there was still \u201cno word from government on Davy,\u201d and Edwin spent the day working on \u201cMen of Nature,\u201d completing it by 2:30 that afternoon.[xlv]<\/a>\u00a0 Combined with his work of the previous day, he was up to fourteen completed chapters. The next day, he completed two more: \u201cCrocodile Dragover\u201d and \u201cA School for Foxes.\u201d \u201cHurray!\u201d he declared on July 13.[xlvi]<\/a> By the following day, with a thorough revision of \u201cIn the Heart of a Cloud,\u201d he was \u201con schedule or a little ahead of it,\u201d feeling \u201cpretty good.\u201d[xlvii]<\/a> In the afternoon he went to the Insect Garden, where he photographed a \u201cyellow swallowtail\u201d butterfly. These were the productive days in which Edwin had reveled for many years, and he did so now, despite his grief.<\/p>\n

Edwin awoke on July 15, a Sunday, to what would be daylong rain. He stayed in bed until after 9 a.m. following \u201ca sleepless night with dreams of David.\u201d[xlviii]<\/a> On the previous day, he had begun the final retyping of \u201cThe Lost Woods,\u201d the book\u2019s opening chapter. In it, he recalled simpler days spent with Gram and Gramp Way at Lone Oak. He retold the story of a trip by horse-drawn bobsled with Gramp Way \u201cto a distant woods\u201d to gather stored stove wood. Growing weary of loading the sled, Edwin, then six, had \u201cwandered about, small as an atom, among the great trees\u2014oak and beech, hickory and ash and sycamore.\u201d\u00a0 He had been \u201cat once enchanted and fearful,\u201d and the experience made \u201ca profound impression\u201d on the six-year-old boy, filling him with \u201can endless curiosity about this lonely tract and all of its inhabitants.\u201d[xlix]<\/a>\u00a0 Edwin had searched in vain for these woods with his childhood friend Dewey Gunder on March 16, 1945 during his Midwestern lecture tour[l]<\/a>\u2014forty years after his only visit to them, and the same day David was declared missing. It is hardly surprising that Edwin\u2019s dreams the previous night were occupied by David, to whom, like the lost woods of childhood, Edwin could not return except in memory\u2014the inadequate, longing-filled shell of former joys.<\/p>\n

Edwin spent time that day revising only the \u201cfirst page and a half of \u2018The Lost Woods\u2019\u201d before shifting his attention\u2014perhaps because of his deep emotional connections to the chapter\u2014to \u201cBoundaries of the Night,\u201d on which he spent time \u201crevising and inserting more natural history.\u201d[li]<\/a> Edward H. Dodd Jr. had suggested in March that the book as a whole, while representing Edwin\u2019s finest work to date, was in need of \u201cmore natural-history facts.\u201d[lii]<\/a> By early afternoon, the eighteenth retyped chapter was done, and he read for several hours in Volume II of Thoreau\u2019s journals, a shelter from the emotional rigors of a difficult day.[liii]<\/a> That evening, Nellie read to him from J.S. Fletcher\u2019s detective novel The Box Hill Murder<\/em>, which, Edwin noted, \u201crelaxes my mind\u2014just what I needed.\u201d[liv]<\/a><\/p>\n

By July 19, Edwin had revised and retyped twenty-one chapters in fourteen days, 223 pages in total. He was up at 5:20 a.m. after a \u201cwakeful night.\u201d He reviewed some of Nellie\u2019s corrections and set about preparing the first two-thirds of the final manuscript for submission to Dodd, Mead for the production of galley proofs. He ordered and numbered the pages and by noon had \u201cthe whole thing wrapped up in its Keeboard \u2018The Lost Woods\u2019 box to deliver.\u201d[lv]<\/a>\u00a0 He took the 12:45 train into the city and arrived in a downpour, taking \u201cmuggy, stifling subways by round-about way\u201d to Dodd, Mead\u2019s 28th<\/sup> Street office, probably to keep the manuscript\u2014not himself\u2014out of the rain as much as possible. During a \u201cgood meeting\u201d with Edward H. Dodd, Jr., the latter suggested a possible reissue of a revised version of Edwin\u2019s 1942 Byways to Adventure<\/em>. He also asked Edwin to \u201csupply photos and [an] introduction\u201d for a forthcoming reissue from Dodd, Mead of Henry David Thoreau\u2019s Walden<\/em>[lvi]<\/a>\u2014a project which, for Edwin, was especially meaningful in light of recent events. Dodd certainly knew this, and the offering of this project\u2014or at least its timing\u2014may have been intended in part as a modest balm for Edwin\u2019s great suffering, an occupier for a troubled mind and heart. Back in Baldwin by 4:30 that afternoon, Edwin and Nellie went to the theater to celebrate the accomplishments and the future prospects of the day, both of which gave further shelter from, or perhaps tolerable passage through, the present darkness.<\/p>\n

Following the celebration of the previous evening, Edwin went directly back to work on July 20, faced with the revision and retyping of nine chapters in seven days. With the arrival of confirmed news of David\u2019s death seeming imminent, his grief-laden efforts were all the more daunting but likewise critical. After a short early-morning trip to the Insect Garden, he began to organize his materials for the remaining chapters.\u00a0 His fatigue of the recent weeks, however, made sustained work difficult, and he had to lie down and rest for an hour. \u201cIf I can get one chapter copied somehow today,\u201d he noted, \u201cwill keep on my schedule.\u201d He managed only to type out half of the \u201cSnowflake chapter\u2026in sweltering heat\u201d and quit for the day.[lvii]<\/a> That night, he garnered his optimism as best he could. \u201cRested now,\u201d he wrote, \u201cand ready to go!\u201d[lviii]<\/a> On the following day, however, his fatigue set fully in. With great exasperation, he wrote, \u201cCopy page 1 of \u2018Wildlife at Walden\u2019 over 10 times\u2014making typing mistakes over and over. Ready to go through the roof!\u201d[lix]<\/a> Here again we are reminded of the absence of a delete key in 1945. \u201cMy head like a rock,\u201d he lamented, \u201cwith heat and fatigue\u2014residue.\u201d[lx]<\/a> Residue. The residue of longing; the residue of trampled hopes; the residue of time\u2019s indifferent forward march. Still, by evening he had finished the chapter and even took time to mull over plans for \u201ca new book on the injurious insects.\u201d[lxi]<\/a> Of necessity, he kept his gaze forward.<\/p>\n

While toiling away on the first full draft of the The Lost Woods<\/em>, Edwin had put off writing \u201cThe Calm of the Stars\u201d\u2014what the reader might reasonably call the David chapter\u2014until the end. On July 22, however, after a quick trip to the wagon shed at the Insect Garden \u201cto photograph baby swallows,\u201d he set to work on revising it ahead of the other six chapters that remained to finalize. He wrote only one sentence on this effort in the Guild diary: \u201cFall to on \u2018The Calm of the Stars\u2019 and finish it before lunch.\u201d[lxii]<\/a> With the looming likelihood of receiving confirmation of David\u2019s death\u2014both from the War Department and an expected letter from PFC Harold F. Gould Jr.\u2014 Edwin likely strove to complete the chapter as quickly as he could. On the previous day he had expressed his \u201chope to go faster after today,\u201d and he did so. After completing \u201cThe Calm of the Stars,\u201d he went on to revise and retype another chapter. \u201cFive chapters to do in four days,\u201d he noted, \u201cthen all will be done!\u201d[lxiii]<\/a><\/p>\n

The next day, following the pattern of recent weeks\u2014an alternating rhythm of productivity and debilitation\u2014Edwin fell prey to the latter:<\/p>\n

Up feeling dead-headed. The successive days of rain; the high-pressure work; the strain of David; the suspense of waiting for a call from Harold Gould\u2014the returning member of Davy\u2019s patrol\u2014and the call from Dodd on how he liked the first 21 chapters\u2014all combined to stall my engine completely.[lxiv]<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

In total, Edwin completed \u201cless than 2 pages on \u2018World of the Wild Bee,\u2019\u201d[lxv]<\/a> disheartening output in light of the revision timeline for the final chapters. Edwin was likely forthright about his struggles with Edward H. Dodd, Jr. during a telephone call later that day. He noted afterward, \u201cI get a reprieve; don\u2019t have to hand the final chapters in until next Monday.\u201d \u00a0Feeling relieved, he and Nellie went out to see a movie and were in \u201cbed and asleep by 9\u201d with the \u201chope to do better tomorrow!\u201d[lxvi]<\/a> That hope would not, however, come to fruition.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/p>\n

On July 24, 1945, the storm cloud that had loomed since April 2 finally and fully broke open. There would be no word from<\/em> David, not now, not ever. There would be only word of <\/em>David, and it would come first from Harold F. Gould, Jr., of Plymouth, Massachusetts, in a letter written on small stationary whose only letterhead was the figure of a running G.I. clad in drab fatigues and clasping an M1 Garand rifle, bayonet mounted, a field bag trailing from his ammunition belt. The soldier grins at the letter\u2019s reader\u2014a mask muting the \u201cunredeemed horrors\u201d of war\u2014and that grin must have made the Teales shudder.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

The first page of a letter sent by Private First Class Harold F. Gould, Jr. to Edwin Way Teale on July 23, 1945. Gould explained the events leading up to the March 16, 1945 death of David Teale on Germany\u2019s Moselle River during the closing days of World War II.<\/p><\/div>\n

Gould began by apologizing for not calling, as camp prohibitions had forbidden doing so. \u201cAnyway,\u201d he wrote, \u201cI thought it would be better if I wrote you a letter. I figured that I could explain it to you better.\u201d[lxvii]<\/a> He wrote of how he and David \u201cused to chum around together quite often,\u201d and how the Tiger Patrol \u201cdid mostly night work.\u201d In that capacity, Gould added, David \u201cwas very courageous,\u201d and \u201call the boys liked Dave very much.\u201d[lxviii]<\/a> These formalities aside\u2014and one imagines the Teales having the impulse to skip over them while, at the same time, dreading to do so\u2014he came \u201cdown to the point\u201d and detailed the events that led to David\u2019s death on the Moselle River:<\/p>\n

We had received our orders from commander that we were to cross the Mosel[le] River and get some important information that we needed for the attack. We had twelve men in the patrol and four rubber boats. Three men were assigned to each rubber boat. We had been broken up into two six man patrols. We all started in our rubber boats across the river, just as the boats were nearing the enemy side we were opened up on by machine guns. The boys shot back at them until they ran out of ammunition. Then they withdrew so that they could get more ammunition. They came back again and started in their boats across. They met heavy opposition and the boats were sprayed with bullets. Some of the compartments in the rubber boats were shot to pieces so I guess the boys got a little excited when they saw this so they started jumping over. That was their gravest mistake\u2026Especially for Dave because before he went on this patrol he told us he couldn\u2019t swim. He still volunteered to go on the patrol and I\u2019ve always admired him for that.<\/p>\n

The last time they ever saw Dave he was in the water calling for help but none of the boys could reach him because he went under this time and never came up. It\u2019s very strange that the army couldn\u2019t find his body.[lxix]<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

To this account, Harold Gould added a second reference to David\u2019s inability to swim:<\/p>\n

If David could swim he would have had a good chance of coming out alive. I still remember what he said before we went on patrol. He said \u201cI don\u2019t know how to swim but I\u2019ll volunteer to go on patrol.[\u201d]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

This must have confused the Teales greatly. David was, by Edwin\u2019s account, a strong swimmer, a fact supported by a Boy Scouts of America patrol record book among David\u2019s personal belongings. In it, David, as Patrol Leader, had tracked the rank advancements of all of the boys in the Flying Eagle patrol, including himself. On the merit badge roster, beside David\u2019s name, the requisite boxes are checked off for the swimming and lifesaving merit badges.<\/p>\n

Harold Gould closed:<\/p>\n

I liked your son very much Mr. Teale and I was very proud of him. I know you will always be too.[lxx]<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

Such a statement, though well-intentioned and certainly appreciated, was nonetheless an arrow to the heart. In mid-April, when hope still lived, Edwin had written of David, \u201cHe is one of which we are proud in so many ways. And, viewed from the most distant star\u2014remote from our emotions and longings\u2014that is all that counts.\u201d[lxxi]<\/a> But David\u2019s return, alive, had also counted; so too had the bright future before him\u2014the long walk down the Pacific coast, the possibility of future matriculation at Earlham, the return to Weller Pond, and so much more. All of these would never be. No pride could mitigate the staggering loss of David\u2019s future. \u201cThis is it!\u201d Edwin wrote after reading Harold Gould\u2019s letter, \u201cHow terrible we feel.\u201d[lxxii]<\/a> The news was not official, but it was sufficient, and it would be confirmed days later by a letter from PFC Lester Snider, the last Tiger Patrol member to see David alive. There is no record of Edwin having completed any work on The Lost Woods<\/em> on July 24; even that labor of his heart could offer no refuge. As if an insult to their grief, the afternoon brought the return by special delivery of the package in which Edwin had sent David the Grenfell parka in March, eight days before the latter\u2019s death. It was one more manifestation of a future that would not be. Boxed in thick lines of black ink, Edwin wrote the following in the Guild diary:<\/p>\n

On this day hear definitely, but unofficially, that David was killed on the Moselle River near Coblenz, Germany, on the night of March 15-16, 1945\u2014<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

To this he added a bracketed postscript:<\/p>\n

How long and how devoutly I hoped this entry would not have to be<\/u> made![lxxiii]<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

No tears stain this page. Harold Gould\u2019s letter offered not a revelation but a confirmation of what, in their hearts, Edwin and Nellie already knew. Edwin Stroh\u2019s death had confirmed David\u2019s, and both had been foretold by the death of Antonio Alvear. Harold Gould\u2019s account, though vitally important to the Teales, could serve only as a coda. They certainly cried on July 24, 1945, but they did so in the privacy of their own collapsing world. Edwin left no trace of those tears to revisit later, neither through the narrative of his words nor through their partial dissolution by tears on the page. It is an apt analogy for the turning inward that would follow, both from the greater world and, despite their mutual devotion, often from each other.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/p>\n

The day after receiving Harold Gould\u2019s letter, Edwin reached him by telephone. Gould shared that \u201conly 4 out of 12\u2014only 1 out of 6 with David\u2019s 2 boats\u2014returned alive after crossing the Moselle.\u201d[lxxiv]<\/a> One of those four, PFC Lester Snider, of Hennessey, Oklahoma, had been in charge of David\u2019s boat and was \u201cthe last one to see David alive.\u201d[lxxv]<\/a> Snider had returned home, and Edwin wrote to him that afternoon. \u201cOur son, David Teale, was reported missing in action on March 16th<\/sup>,\u201d Edwin began, \u201cand we have had no word from the government since\u2026.I have learned that you went across at the same time David did and that you were the last person to see him alive. If you can give us any information about what happened, we will be most deeply grateful.\u201d[lxxvi]<\/a> Snider received Edwin\u2019s inquiry on July 30 and replied the following day, offering his account:<\/p>\n

Six of the boys including your son David volunteered for reconnaissance patrol. We crossed to the east of the Mosel[le] River in two boats. Your son David + another boy were with me in the one boat. We made a successful reconnaissance of enemy positions + possible landing places.<\/p>\n

While making the return trip across the river we encountered heavy enemy machine gun + sniper fire. Our boat was hit + sank. And one of the boys was hit but don\u2019t know exactly which one. The last I saw of either of the boys was when they went over the side of the boat into the water.[lxxvii]<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

Just as Gould had done, Lester Snider praised David\u2019s selflessness: \u201cI didn\u2019t know your son very long Mr. Teale. But he was well liked by all the boys. And he was a son to be proud of. He didn\u2019t have to go on this mission, but realizing the danger, volunteered to do so.\u201d[lxxviii]<\/a> David had volunteered; for this he had died. Although Edwin, half a year earlier, had written of war death that \u201cthe collapse of character alone was tragedy,\u201d[lxxix]<\/a> this abstract philosophy abruptly withered with David\u2019s death. David\u2019s character had not collapsed on the night of March 15, 1945; his courage and his character had towered above those of others. For this David had died, and his death was<\/em> a tragedy. His life, no matter how its worth had been elevated by his actions, was no less \u201ca plaything of fate,\u201d[lxxx]<\/a> and this embittered Edwin terribly. \u201cAll hope gone,\u201d he wrote. \u201cLife goes on no matter how heavy the heart! Life outlives the joy of life; the spring is wound up and, normally, has to run down. And it can\u2019t be rewound.\u201d[lxxxi]<\/a> David\u2019s spring had not run down. It never would. It had been cracked by the violent folly of war, and with that fracture had gone all the youthful tension of future possibility.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Richard Telford<\/strong> has taught literature and composition at The Woodstock Academy since 1997. In 2011, he helped found the <\/em>Edwin Way Teale Artists in Residence at Trail Wood<\/a> program, which he now directs. He was a long-time contributing writer for <\/em>The Ecotone Exchange<\/em><\/a>. He was recently awarded a Rose and Sigmund Strochlitz Travel Grant by the University of Connecticut to support his work on a book about naturalist, writer, and photographer Edwin Way Teale. The Woodstock Academy Board of Trustees likewise granted him a sabbatical for the 2016-2017 academic year to support this work.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

References<\/p>\n

Farrer, Reginald. The Void of War: Letters from Three Fronts<\/em>. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1918.<\/p>\n

Frankel, Max. \u201c150th Anniversary: 1851-2001; Turning Away From the Holocaust.\u201d The New\u00a0<\/em>York Times<\/em> 14 November 2001. Available from: http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2001\/11\/14\/news\/150th-anniversary-1851-2001-turning-away-from-the-holocaust.html<\/p>\n

Gould, Harold F. Jr., Letter to Edwin Way Teale, 23 July, 1945, Box 146, Folder 2952, Edwin \u00a0Way Teale Papers 1799-1995, Archives and Special Collections, Thomas J. Dodd Research Center, University of Connecticut Libraries.<\/p>\n

Gould, Walter F., Letter to Edwin Way Teale, 16 June, 1945, Box 146, Folder 2952, Edwin Way Teale Papers 1799-1995, Archives and Special Collections, Thomas J. Dodd \u00a0Research Center, University of Connecticut Libraries.<\/p>\n

\u201cEcleasiastes.\u201d The Holy Bible: Revised Standard Version<\/em>: New York: Thomas Nelson & Sons, 1952.<\/p>\n

Ikeda, Daisaku. The Third Stage of Life: Aging in Contemporary Society<\/em>: Santa Monica, CA: World Tribune Press, 2016.<\/p>\n

Parker Pen Company. Advertisement. The Saturday Evening Post<\/em>. 1 April 1945.<\/p>\n

Snider, Lester L., Letter to Edwin Way Teale, letter, 31 July 1945, Box 146, Folder 2952, Edwin Way Teale Papers 1799-1995, Archives and Special Collections, Thomas J. Dodd Research Center, University of Connecticut Libraries.<\/p>\n

Snider, Lester L., Letter to Edwin Way Teale, letter, 21 August 1945, Box 146, Folder 2952, Edwin Way Teale Papers 1799-1995, Archives and Special Collections, Thomas J. Dodd Research Center, University of Connecticut Libraries.<\/p>\n

Teale, David Allen, Letters to Edwin Way, Nellie Donovan, April to December, 1944, Box 146, Folder 2949, Edwin Way Teale Papers 1799-1995, Archives and Special Collections, Thomas J. Dodd Research Center, University of Connecticut Libraries.<\/p>\n

Teale, David Allen, Letters to Edwin Way and Nellie Donovan Teale, 1945, Box 146, Folder 2950, Edwin Way Teale Papers 1799-1995, Archives and Special Collections, Thomas J. Dodd Research Center, University of Connecticut Libraries.<\/p>\n

Teale, Edwin Way. Adventures in Making a Living<\/em>: Volume II, unpublished journal, February 1944 to May 1946. Box 113, Edwin Way Teale Papers 1799-1995, Archives and Special Collections, Thomas J. Dodd Research Center, University of Connecticut Libraries.<\/p>\n

Teale, Edwin Way and Nellie Donovan, Letters to David Allen Teale, 1944, Box145, Folder 2941, Edwin Way Teale Papers 1799-1995, Archives and Special Collections, Thomas \u00a0\u00a0 J. Dodd Research Center, University of Connecticut Libraries.<\/p>\n

Teale, Edwin Way and Nellie Donovan, Letters to David Allen Teale, 1945, Box145, Folder 2942, Edwin Way Teale Papers 1799-1995, Archives and Special Collections, Thomas \u00a0\u00a0 J. Dodd Research Center, University of Connecticut Libraries.<\/p>\n

Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary, 1945. Box 99, Edwin Way Teale Papers 1799-1995, Archives and Special Collections, Thomas J. Dodd Research Center, University of Connecticut Libraries.<\/p>\n

Teale, Edwin Way, Letter to Herbert F. Schwarz 25 May 1942, collection of the author.<\/p>\n

Teale, Edwin Way. The Lost Woods<\/em>. New York: Dodd, Mead , and Company, 1945.<\/p>\n

\u201cTiger Patrol First to Enter Koblenz.\u201d Unsigned news clipping, 1945, no bibliographical information noted.<\/p>\n

Ulio, James Alexander, Letter to Nellie Donovan Teale, 3 April, 1944, Box 146, Folder 2952, Edwin Way Teale Papers 1799-1995, Archives and Special Collections, Thomas J. Dodd Research Center, University of Connecticut Libraries.<\/p>\n

Witsell, Major General Edward F., to Nellie Teale, letter, 25 February 1946, Box 146, Folder 2952, Edwin Way Teale Papers 1799-1995, Archives and Special Collections, Thomas J. \u00a0 Dodd Research Center, University of Connecticut Libraries.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Notes<\/p>\n

[i]<\/a> Ecclesiastes 1, 9-13. The Holy Bible: Revised Standard Version<\/em>: New York: Thomas Nelson & Sons, 1952.<\/p>\n

[ii]<\/a> Farrer, Reginald. The Void of War: Letters from Three Fronts<\/em>. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 37-8.<\/p>\n

[iii]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Adventures in Making a Living, Vol II. 3 January 1945.<\/p>\n

[iv]<\/a> Parker Pen Company. Advertisement. The Saturday Evening Post<\/em>. 1 April 1945.<\/p>\n

[v]<\/a> Teale, David Allen, to Nellie Donovan Teale, letter, 1 November 1944.<\/p>\n

[vi]<\/a> Teale, David Allen, to Edwin Way Teale, letter, 16 November 1944.<\/p>\n

[vii]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[viii]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Adventures in Making a Living, Vol II. 8 August 1945.<\/p>\n

[ix]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 18 June 1945.<\/p>\n

[x]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[xi]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[xii]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 20 June 1945.<\/p>\n

[xiii]<\/a> Gould, Walter F., to Edwin Way Teale, letter, 16 June 1945.<\/p>\n

[xiv]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[xv]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 22 June 1945.<\/p>\n

[xvi]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way, to David Allen Teale, letter, 18 July 1944.<\/p>\n

[xvii]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way, to David Allen Teale, letter, 29 July 1944.<\/p>\n

[xviii]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 23 June 1945.<\/p>\n

[xix]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 28 June 1945.<\/p>\n

[xx]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 18 June 1945.<\/p>\n

[xxi]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 28 June 1945.<\/p>\n

[xxii]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 24 June 1945.<\/p>\n

[xxiii]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[xxiv]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 25 June 1945.<\/p>\n

[xxv]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 27 June 1945.<\/p>\n

[xxvi]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 1 July 1945.<\/p>\n

[xxvii]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 2 July 1945.<\/p>\n

[xxviii]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[xxix]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 3 July 1945.<\/p>\n

[xxx]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Adventures in Making a Living, Vol II. 25 August 1945.<\/p>\n

[xxxi]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 4 May 1945.<\/p>\n

[xxxii]<\/a> Frankel, Max. \u201c150th Anniversary: 1851-2001; Turning Away From the Holocaust.\u201d The New York Times<\/em> 14. November 2001.<\/p>\n

[xxxiii]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 4 July 1945.<\/p>\n

[xxxiv]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[xxxv]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 5 July 1945.<\/p>\n

[xxxvi]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[xxxvii]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 6 July 1945.<\/p>\n

[xxxviii]<\/a> Ikeda, Daisaku. The Third Stage of Life: Aging in Contemporary Society<\/em>: Santa Monica, CA: World Tribune Press, 2016.<\/p>\n

[xxxix]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 8 July 1945.<\/p>\n

[xl]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 9 July 1945.<\/p>\n

[xli]<\/a> Ulio, James Alexander, to Nellie Donovan Teale, letter, 3 April 1945.<\/p>\n

[xlii]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way, to Herbert F. Schwarz, 25 May 1942.<\/p>\n

[xliii]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 10 July 1945.<\/p>\n

[xliv]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[xlv]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 12 July 1945.<\/p>\n

[xlvi]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 13 July 1945.<\/p>\n

[xlvii]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 14 July 1945.<\/p>\n

[xlviii]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 15 July 1945.<\/p>\n

[xlix]<\/a> Teale Edwin Way. The Lost Woods<\/em>. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1945. 1-3<\/p>\n

[l]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 16 March 1945.<\/p>\n

[li]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 15 July 1945.<\/p>\n

[lii]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 6 March 1945.<\/p>\n

[liii]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 15 July 1945.<\/p>\n

[liv]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 12 July 1945.<\/p>\n

[lv]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 19 July 1945.<\/p>\n

[lvi]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[lvii]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 20 July 1945.<\/p>\n

[lviii]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[lix]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 21 July 1945.<\/p>\n

[lx]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[lxi]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[lxii]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 22 July 1945.<\/p>\n

[lxiii]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[lxiv]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 23 July 1945.<\/p>\n

[lxv]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[lxvi]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[lxvii]<\/a> Gould, Jr., Harold F., to Edwin Way Teale, letter, 23 July 1945.<\/p>\n

[lxviii]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[lxix]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[lxx]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[lxxi]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Adventures in Making a Living, Vol II. 18 April 1945.<\/p>\n

[lxxii]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 24 July 1945.<\/p>\n

[lxxiii]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[lxxiv]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 25 July 1945.<\/p>\n

[lxxv]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[lxxvi]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way, to Lester L. Snider, letter, 25 July 1945.<\/p>\n

[lxxvii]<\/a> Snider, Lester L., to Edwin Way Teale, letter, 31 July 1945.<\/p>\n

[lxxviii]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[lxxix]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Adventures in Making a Living, Vol II. 3 January 1945.<\/p>\n

[lxxx]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[lxxxi]<\/a> Teale, Edwin Way. Guild diary 1945. 4 August 1945.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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